Developer Guides
110 articlesIn-depth tutorials and best practices for the technologies behind your favorite developer tools — hashing and password storage, image and PDF internals, HTTP and DNS, regular expressions, and the browser APIs the tools are built on.
Written and edited by Necmeddin Cunedioglu. Every article is original to this site, carries a publish date, and is corrected in place when something changes — see the editorial policy.
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Comprehensive Guides
Core Web Vitals in 2026: The Complete INP, LCP, and CLS Optimization Playbook
A practical guide to Core Web Vitals now that INP replaced FID: what LCP, INP, and CLS measure, the thresholds that matter, and how to pass each one.
Generative Engine Optimization (GEO): How to Get Cited by AI Search in 2026
A practical guide to Generative Engine Optimization: how ChatGPT, Google AI Overviews, and Perplexity pick and cite sources — and how to earn the citation.
Prompt Engineering for Developers: Patterns That Actually Work in 2026
A no-hype guide to prompt engineering for real LLM apps: roles, few-shot, chain-of-thought, structured output, RAG, and evaluation patterns that work.
PDF vs DOCX: Structural Document Formats Comparison
PDF vs DOCX architecture: fixed-layout coordinate systems vs reflowable XML text nodes, plus font embedding — and what each format is really for.
Developer Generators: The Tools That Save You Hours Every Week
The generators every developer needs — UUIDs, passwords, QR codes, favicons, meta tags, robots.txt, and .gitignore — and when, why, and how to use each.
The Complete Guide to Browser-Based Image Editing
Image processing in the browser: Canvas drawImage(), Lanczos vs bicubic resampling, EXIF extraction, and local PDF generation — no server uploads.
Time & Date in Programming: The Complete Developer Guide
A developer's guide to handling time: the Unix epoch, the Year 2038 overflow, IANA timezones and DST, ISO 8601, UTC storage, and scheduling with cron.
HTTP Status Codes: The Complete Guide for Developers
A complete guide to HTTP status codes: 401 vs 403, the SEO impact of 301 vs 302, 409 for optimistic locking, and how to monitor 5xx errors properly.
CSS Color Systems: A Complete Guide for Developers
Master CSS color formats — HEX, RGB, HSL, and Color Level 4: when to use each, how to build consistent palettes, and what perceptual uniformity means.
Web Security: Encoding and Hashing Guide
Encoding vs hashing vs encryption: when to use Base64, SHA-256, bcrypt, AES, and HTML entity encoding for web security — with examples and decision trees.
Regular Expressions: The Complete Guide
Master regular expressions from basics to advanced patterns. Learn regex syntax, NFA engine backtracking, lookarounds, capture groups, and real-world examples.
JSON: The Complete Developer Guide
Learn everything about JSON — syntax, data types, parsing mechanics, V8 engine optimizations, schema validation, API best practices, and memory management.
AI Tools
View allComputer Vision Fundamentals: Image Classification Explained
How AI image classification works: convolutional neural networks (CNNs), pooling layers, and Vision Transformers that teach computers to see and identify.
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Powered by Deep Learning
How AI extracts text from images: the architecture behind modern OCR, from convolutional networks for character detection to LSTMs for sequence recognition.
Neural Machine Translation: How AI Translators Work
How machine translation evolved from rules-based engines to Neural Machine Translation and Transformer models that break down language barriers.
Object Detection Algorithms: From Haar Cascades to YOLO
A deep dive into object detection: how AI moved from slow sliding-window classifiers to the fast YOLO (You Only Look Once) architecture.
Text Classification using Machine Learning and NLP
A guide to AI text classification: how models sort text from simple Naive Bayes to BERT-based NLP pipelines for sentiment analysis and spam detection.
The Ultimate Guide to AI Image Upscaling in Your Browser
How AI super-resolution works locally in your browser: the Swin2SR model, traditional vs AI resizing, privacy advantages, and practical upscaling tips.
Why Browser-Based AI is the Ultimate Privacy Solution
The shift from cloud APIs to local, browser-based AI with WebAssembly and WebGPU — and why running models locally is the most private way to process data.
Named Entity Recognition (NER) in NLP Explained
A guide to Named Entity Recognition: how AI extracts names, locations, and organizations from text using BERT, CRFs, and transformer architectures.
Network & API
View allWeb Security
View allSecurity & Cryptography
View allImage Processing
View allHEIC vs JPG vs PNG vs WebP: Which Image Format Should You Use?
HEIC vs JPG vs PNG vs WebP: how HEVC and AV1 compress, lossless alpha, generational JPEG degradation, and a decision tree for choosing a web format.
EXIF Data and Privacy: What Your Photos Reveal About You
A privacy guide to EXIF metadata: how GPS coordinates are stored, what device fingerprints photos carry, the orientation tag, and stripping data in Node.js.
Client-Side Image Processing: Why Your Browser Is the Safest Image Editor
An engineering guide to client-side image processing: how the Canvas API, WebAssembly, and Web Workers replace cloud servers for private, instant edits.